In the realm of ichthyology, the Common Smoothhound (Mustelus mustelus) emerges as a captivating species. Known as the Common Smooth-Hound or the Common Smooth Dogfish, this fish belongs to the Triakidae family. It is a cartilaginous fish found in the coastal waters of the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
The Common Smoothhound exhibits distinctive anatomical and physical traits. It possesses an average length of 1.2 meters (3.9 ft), although larger specimens can reach up to 2.5 meters (8.2 ft) in length. The maximum recorded weight for this species is approximately 23 kilograms (51 lbs). On average, it lives for around 14 to 16 years.
This species is easily identifiable by its streamlined body, which showcases a grayish-brown hue. Its epithet "Smoothhound" stems from its smooth and slimy skin texture. The Common Smoothhound possesses a pair of large, almond-shaped eyes, providing excellent visual acuity in its marine habitat. Its dorsal fin is positioned towards the posterior end, while the pectoral fins are elongated and slender.
The ideal fishing time for Common Smoothhound varies, contingent upon diverse factors such as diurnal periods, weather conditions, and seasons. Understanding these patterns can significantly enhance the angler's success rate.
During the spring season (March to May), Common Smoothhound actively feeds during daylight hours, especially in the early morning and late afternoon. The water temperature ranges between 55°F (13°C) and 61°F (16°C), providing an optimal environment for their metabolic activity.
In the summer months (June to August), the feeding behavior of Common Smoothhound transitions to nocturnal activity. They exhibit heightened activity during the night, capitalizing on the cooler water temperatures spanning from 61°F (16°C) to 68°F (20°C).
As autumn (September to November) unfolds, Common Smoothhound becomes less active due to declining water temperatures. Although they can still be caught, their feeding activity diminishes, and their responsiveness to bait wanes. The water temperature ranges from 57°F (14°C) to 61°F (16°C).
During winter (December to February), Common Smoothhound considerably reduces its activity level, displaying slower movements and less vigorous hunting. The water temperature drops to approximately 50°F (10°C) to 55°F (13°C), leading to a decrease in metabolic rates and energy requirements.
The Common Smoothhound boasts a wide distribution along the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It can be found in coastal waters ranging from Norway and the British Isles in the north to Morocco and the Canary Islands in the south.
This species thrives particularly well in the Mediterranean Sea, where it frequently inhabits the coastlines of Spain, France, Italy, Greece, and Turkey. It tends to occupy sandy or muddy bottoms and can be encountered at depths ranging from 10 meters (33 ft) to 200 meters (656 ft).
The process of Common Smoothhound reproduction is intriguing. This species reaches sexual maturity between 6 and 10 years of age, influenced by factors such as environmental conditions and food availability. The spawning season takes place during the spring and summer months when water temperatures reach approximately 61°F (16°C) to 68°F (20°C).
Females typically produce a substantial number of eggs, known as roe, which undergo internal fertilization by the males. The fertilized eggs develop within the female's body until they hatch into fully formed pups. The gestation period spans around 10 to 11 months, and the female gives birth to live young, ensuring a higher survival rate for the offspring.
Common Smoothhound is predominantly a carnivorous predator, feeding on various marine organisms. Its diet consists of small fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and cephalopods. With its sharp teeth and robust jaws, this species captures and consumes its prey.
During hunting, Common Smoothhound patiently awaits its prey, utilizing its acute senses to detect vibrations and movements in the water. Once an opportunity arises, it swiftly seizes the unsuspecting prey, showcasing its predatory prowess.
Common Smoothhound plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of marine ecosystems. As an apex predator, it regulates the populations of small fish and other aquatic organisms, preventing overpopulation and promoting ecosystem health.
Moreover, the presence of Common Smoothhound contributes to the biodiversity and overall well-being of coastal waters. Its existence signifies a thriving ecosystem, underscoring the interconnectedness of various species and their reliance on each other for survival.