The great barracuda can be found in tropical to warm temperate waters, inhabiting subtropical regions of the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. From expansive mangrove areas to the depths of deep reefs, these formidable creatures thrive in a wide range of habitats. Their vertical range extends to a depth limit of approximately 110 meters (361 feet), allowing them to explore various underwater realms.
Boasting an impressive size, the great barracuda stands as one of the largest members of the barracuda family. Typically, mature specimens measure around 60–100 cm (24–39 inches) in length and weigh between 2.5–9.0 kg (5.5–19.8 lbs). However, exceptional individuals can surpass these dimensions, reaching lengths exceeding 1.5 meters (4.9 feet) and weights over 23 kg (51 lbs). In fact, the record-breaking great barracuda caught on rod-and-reel weighed a staggering 46.72 kg (103.0 lbs) and measured 1.7 meters (5.6 feet) in length. Even more astonishing, reports exist of a great barracuda stretching an impressive 3 meters (9.8 feet)!
The great barracuda's coloration is a striking blend of blue-gray on its upper body, which gradually fades to silvery and chalky-white on its lower side. Occasionally, a row of darker cross-bars can be observed on its upper side, complemented by black blotches on each lower side. Its second dorsal fin, anal fin, and caudal fin exhibit a range of colors, from dark violet to black, often accompanied by distinct white tips.
Barracudas possess an elongated body shape, accentuated by their powerful jaws. The lower jaw extends beyond the upper, giving them a distinctive appearance. Equipped with strong, fang-like teeth that vary in size and are arranged in sockets within the jaws and on the roof of the mouth, they are formidable predators in their underwater domain. The head of a great barracuda is remarkably large, resembling the pointed and pike-like structure commonly associated with this species. Notably, their gill covers lack spines and are covered with small scales.
The great barracuda exhibits two dorsal fins that are widely separated. The first dorsal fin comprises five spines, while the second possesses one spine and 9 soft rays. Interestingly, the size of the second dorsal fin matches that of the anal fin, and their alignment is more or less parallel. A prominent lateral line runs straight from head to tail, enhancing their sensory perception. Positioned above the pelvis, the spinous dorsal fin further contributes to their unique anatomical characteristics. The caudal fin, located at the hind end, displays a distinctive forked or concave shape, anchored to a robust peduncle. Their pectoral fins, placed low on the sides, provide balance and maneuverability. Finally, the great barracuda possesses a sizable swim bladder, aiding in buoyancy control.
Barracudas are known for their presence in open seas, where they exhibit remarkable predatory behavior. Utilizing the element of surprise and relying on short bursts of astonishing speed, reaching up to 27 mph (43 km/h), they effortlessly overpower their prey. Although barracudas are mostly solitary creatures, young and half-grown individuals tend to congregate in shoals.
These apex predators can live for at least 14 years, with the spawning season spanning from April to October. During this period, females release a substantial number of eggs, estimated to range from 5,000 to 30,000. Their diet primarily consists of fish and cephalopods, with occasional indulgences of shrimp. Large barracudas have been observed herding schools of prey fish in shallow waters, where they maintain a vigilant guard until they are ready for another successful hunt.
Encounters between humans and barracudas are relatively rare, with barracuda attacks being infrequent occurrences. Although bites can lead to lacerations and tissue loss, such incidents are usually associated with poor visibility or cases of mistaken identity. Barracudas are opportunistic scavengers, and they may occasionally follow snorkelers, mistaking them for larger predators and hoping to feed on the remains of their prey. Furthermore, these voracious creatures are attracted to shiny and reflective objects, which they may perceive as potential prey.
Recreational fishing enthusiasts consider barracudas an exciting target due to their strong resistance and fighting spirit when hooked. However, it is worth noting that upon capture, they release a pungent odor. Additionally, the consumption of barracuda meat carries a potential risk of Ciguatera fish poisoning.