The little tunny, scientifically known as Euthynnus alletteratus, belongs to the family Scombridae. It was first identified by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque in 1810 and was given its current name. It's important to note that the little tunny is not part of the Thunnus genus, which includes many other tuna species, but rather belongs to the tribe Thunnini.
The little tunny possesses a streamlined body, perfectly designed for swift bursts of speed and endurance. Compared to other tuna species, it is relatively small in size. Its torpedo-shaped body and robust build enable it to navigate through the water with agility and power. The fish features a large mouth with rigid jaws and a slightly protruding lower jaw. The palate is adorned with a single row of small, inwardly curved, cone-shaped teeth. Notably, the vomer, a small bone in the roof of the mouth, lacks teeth.
This species showcases distinct physical traits, including a dorsal fin with 10 to 15 tall, descending spines and a smaller second dorsal fin followed by eight finlets. The anal fin consists of 11 to 15 slightly defined rays and is trailed by seven finlets. The pectoral fins are short and do not extend beyond the first dorsal fin, connecting to the pelvic fins through interpelvic processes. While the little tunny lacks scales on most of its body, it does possess scales along the lateral line and a thick band of scales encircling its body, known as the corselet.
With its metallic blue or blue-green coloration, the little tunny boasts dark, wavy stripes above the lateral line, forming a distinct pattern. The belly is bright white and exhibits three to seven dark, fingerprint-like spots around the pectoral and pelvic fins. It is worth noting that the little tunny may be mistaken for the Atlantic bonito due to similar coloration, but their color patterns and overall body size differentiate the two species.
Despite its relatively low culinary popularity, the little tunny serves as a valuable resource in various aspects. Its high oil content and hook retention make it a sought-after bait for sharks and marlin in commercial fishing practices. Anglers also appreciate the little tunny as a sport fish, as it offers exhilarating line-stripping runs, reaching speeds of up to 64 km/h (40 mph), and exhibits remarkable fighting abilities when hooked.
The little tunny's versatility extends beyond its use as bait or for sport fishing. When targeted near reefs using lures, it can be successfully caught using hook and line techniques. Although its strong flavor and the effort required for preparation have contributed to its reputation as a "rough fish," its desirability as a sport fish remains high among fishing enthusiasts.
As a pelagic fish, the little tunny inhabits both offshore and inshore waters. Its distribution spans across the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Black Sea. In the western Atlantic, it can be found from Brazil up to the New England states. The little tunny's classification as a highly migratory species emphasizes its dynamic nature.