The Pacific cod exhibits a striking resemblance to the Atlantic cod. With three distinct dorsal fins and catfish-like whiskers on its lower jaw, this bottom-dwelling fish possesses a unique appearance. It thrives along the continental shelf and upper slopes, encompassing the North Pacific Ocean's rim. From the Yellow Sea to the Bering Strait, extending along the Aleutian Islands and down to Los Angeles, the Pacific cod roams depths of up to 900 meters (3,000 feet; 500 fathoms). It can grow up to an impressive meter in length and weigh up to 15 kilograms (33 pounds). Notably, it congregates in vast schools, creating awe-inspiring spectacles.
Intriguing molecular genetic analyses strongly suggest that Pacific cod and Greenland cod (Gadus ogac) from the Greenland-Arctic Ocean region are actually the same species. This revelation leads us to consider G. ogac as a junior synonym of G. macrocephalus. Accordingly, both ITIS and the Catalogue of Life recognize Gadus ogac as a synonym of Gadus macrocephalus. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic relationships and taxonomy of these cod species.
The Pacific cod plays a vital role in commercial fishing, serving as an important food source. Over the years, catches by the United States trawl fishery and joint-venture fisheries have seen significant increases. From less than 1,000 tonnes in 1979, the catch volume reached a staggering 430,196 tonnes in 1995. To ensure the sustainable management of this valuable resource, strict regulations govern Pacific cod fishing activities. Quotas are allocated among different fishing methods, including hook and line gear, pots, and bottom trawls. This balanced approach helps maintain the population while supporting the fishing industry.
Within the Pacific cod species, the population inhabiting the Salish Sea is of particular concern. The U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service designates it as a Species of Concern. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) expresses apprehension about its status and potential threats. However, due to insufficient information available, the species does not currently require listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). Ongoing research and monitoring efforts are essential to better understand and safeguard the future of the Pacific cod in the Salish Sea.