The Shortbill Spearfish boasts a distinct physical appearance that sets it apart from other species. It exhibits a silverish-white coloration below a dark, black band that stretches across the upper part of its body. The dorsal and ventral fins of the Shortbill Spearfish are predominantly black, while the anal fins exhibit a contrasting white color. Furthermore, the inner surfaces of the pectoral fins and the tail are black, while their outer surfaces appear whitish.
One of the key characteristics that differentiate the Shortbill Spearfish from related species is its lightweight and lean body. As its name suggests, it possesses the shortest bill among billfish, with its dorsal fins measuring more than 50% of its body height. This height falls between that of a Marlin fish's dorsal fin and a Sailfish, making the Shortbill Spearfish truly unique.
Shortbill Spearfish, like other spearfish species, are primarily surface feeders. They have a diet consisting of small to medium-sized fish and squid. With their agile hunting skills, they navigate the ocean in search of prey, contributing to the delicate balance of marine ecosystems.
In terms of size, the Shortbill Spearfish can reach impressive lengths of up to 91 inches. However, most individuals caught measure around 75 inches. The maximum recorded weight for this species is approximately 115 lbs, showcasing their strength and power.
Limited Catch: Shortbill Spearfish are not commonly pursued as game fish in many areas of the world due to their relatively low population. They are often considered a "by-catch" when other anglers target different billfish species or during commercial fisheries targeting tuna.
Spawning Habits: The Shortbill Spearfish is believed to engage in spawning during the winter season. They prefer areas with warm offshore currents, where the surface temperature reaches around 25 degrees Celsius. This behavior contributes to the natural reproduction and survival of their species.
Lifespan: Shortbill Spearfish typically reach maturity at the age of two and rarely live beyond three years. Although limited data makes it challenging to determine their maximum age precisely, it is presumed that they can live up to four to five years.
Palatable Delicacy: Shortbill Spearfish is known for its delectable taste, which resembles that of White and Blue Marlin fish. It offers a more pronounced flavor compared to Tuna. In Hawaii, the Shortbill Spearfish, also known as Hebi, holds a special place on menus as a popular "catch-of-the-day" item.
Recognition by IGFA: The International Game Fish Association (IGFA) acknowledges the distinct differences among spearfish species and plans to formally recognize their unique characteristics. This recognition highlights the importance of conservation efforts and species preservation.
If you aspire to catch a Shortbill Spearfish, several fishing techniques can be employed. Let's explore two commonly used methods:
Pelagic Longline: This technique is frequently employed when targeting tuna or swordfish in the open seas. It involves setting a deep-set or shallow-set longline with baited hooks attached to floating lines using buoys or flagpoles.
Pelagic Hook-and-Line: Another method utilized to catch coastal fish, including tuna, swordfish, and marlins, is the Pelagic Hook-and-Line technique. It involves using a pole and line with live bait scattered into the water. Trolling with lures, hand lines with lures, and lines with bait bags are some of the variations within this method.
Considering the Shortbill Spearfish's nature as a by-catch species, employing various techniques suitable for catching other large pelagic fish increases the likelihood of encountering this remarkable fish.
Shortbill Spearfish are pelagic fish that primarily inhabit open waters and rarely stray far from the ocean's surface. They are commonly found in temperate and tropical oceans, predominantly along the Indian and Pacific Oceans. These regions serve as their principal habitat and spawning grounds. Although less frequent, some stray individuals can be observed in the Atlantic Ocean. Due to their migratory behavior, they cover significant distances during their life cycle, enhancing their role in maintaining oceanic biodiversity.