The splake, scientifically known as Salvelinus namaycush X Salvelinus fontinalis, is a fascinating hatchery hybrid resulting from the crossbreeding of brook trout and lake trout. They were first produced in the 1870s and have since become a popular fish for stocking programs across various regions. One of the reasons splake are so intriguing is their striking resemblance to brook trout. Their coloration patterns are remarkably similar, often making it challenging for the untrained eye to distinguish between the two species.
However, there are subtle differences that can aid in identification. Splake typically exhibit a slight fork in their tail, a trait inherited from their lake trout parent, whereas brook trout tend to have a non-forked or "square" tail. This unique feature, combined with their hybrid genetics, makes splake a captivating species for anglers and researchers alike.
One of the notable characteristics of splake is their impressive growth rate. In Maine, splake typically range in size from 10 to 18 inches, and they have the capacity to attain lengths of up to 18 inches in just two years after being stocked. Splake over 10 pounds have also been caught, demonstrating their potential for reaching substantial sizes. This rapid growth rate makes splake an exciting target for anglers seeking a thrilling fishing experience.
Splake are commonly stocked across the northern United States and throughout Canada with the primary objective of providing fishing opportunities for anglers. The Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, along with other governing bodies, conducts stocking programs to enhance fisheries in various waters. These programs aim to create diverse angling opportunities and manage fish populations effectively.
For instance, in 1958, splake were first stocked in Long Pond in T10 SD, Washington County, Maine. This marked the beginning of a comparative study involving brook trout, rainbow trout, landlocked salmon, and splake. The study revealed several advantages of splake over other species, such as their faster growth rate, ability to survive to older ages, and their preference for feeding on fish species that typically out-compete brook trout, like white perch and yellow perch.
Based on the study's findings, the Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife initiated a pilot program in 1990 to determine if splake could establish viable fisheries in waters where stocked brook trout had previously failed. The program demonstrated that splake could indeed thrive in such environments, providing a promising alternative for anglers. Splake exhibited higher survival rates, reaching ages beyond one year, and yielded significant returns to anglers, particularly during ice fishing seasons.
In Maine, approximately 53 waters are primarily managed for splake. These waters are divided into three categories based on management objectives: General Management, Quality Management, and Trophy Management. The allocation of waters across these categories ensures a range of fishing experiences for anglers with different preferences and skill levels.
The splake stocking efforts in Maine have been strategically planned to maximize angling opportunities and enhance the overall fishing experience. Splake are often stocked alongside brook trout in specific waters to introduce larger fish intermittently, providing variety and excitement for anglers. Additionally, the stocking of splake is carefully executed to balance the existing ecosystems and avoid detrimental effects on native brook trout populations.
Splake fishing offers a thrilling experience for anglers throughout the year, with various techniques tailored to different seasons. In winter, splake can be found in most locations, and ice fishing is particularly popular. The abundance of open acreage for ice fishing, which constitutes over 90% of the total acreage managed for splake, makes Maine an attractive destination for winter anglers.
During spring and fall, splake can be caught using light tackle near the water's surface, often responding well to flies. In summer, they tend to venture deep into the cooler waters, typically favoring temperatures below 60°F. Adjusting your fishing techniques and gear accordingly will increase your chances of success when targeting splake.
Splake primarily feed on smelts, white perch, yellow perch, and minnows, which contribute to their rapid growth and robust physique. While they predominantly consume these species, splake rarely feed on other coldwater gamefish. Understanding their dietary preferences can help anglers select appropriate bait and lures, increasing the likelihood of a successful catch.
In terms of habitat, splake thrive in various freshwater environments, particularly in lakes and ponds with suitable conditions for their growth and survival. Their adaptability and resilience contribute to their success in stocked waters, providing anglers with ample opportunities to pursue this unique hybrid trout species.
Over the years, remarkable splake catches have made their mark in the angling community. In Maine, the state record splake was caught by Dan Paquette in Basin Pond, weighing an impressive 10 lbs. 3 oz. This record exemplifies the potential for anglers to reel in sizeable splake specimens.
Furthermore, the world record splake, weighing an astonishing 20 lbs. 11 oz., was caught in Ontario, Canada. These exceptional catches showcase the thrilling prospects that await anglers seeking to test their skills against the splake.